纵横刀组协同式马铃薯种薯切块装置设计与试验

针对马铃薯种薯切块机械化程度低的问题,设计了一种纵横刀组协同式马铃薯种薯切块装置,对其关键部件进行设计,通过对马铃薯种薯切割过程的力学分析、运动学分析和能量学分析,建立了切种能量的数学模型,确定了影响马铃薯切种效果的主要因素。以切种效率、切种合格率为评价指标,以圆盘刀半径、输送辊与圆盘刀垂直中心距、圆盘刀轴转速和夹持辊轴转速为试验因素,进行了四因素四水平正交试验。对正交试验结果进行方差和极差分析,结果表明:当圆盘刀半径为180 mm、输送辊与圆盘刀垂直中心距为190 mm、圆盘刀轴转速为115 r/min、夹持辊轴转速为56 r/min时,切种效率为74.5 kg/min,切种合格率为98.8%,满足马铃薯切种作业要求。     

柔性机械式大豆精量排种器设计与试验

针对免耕播种作业时沙土和碎秸等飘浮物被气吸式排种器吸入充种室内，导致排种工作部件损坏、排种质量降低等问题，设计了一种柔性清护种机械式大豆精量排种器。对排种器工作过程进行理论分析，确定了影响工作性能的主要结构与工作参数；通过单因素对比试验确定了对排种性能影响最小的护种毛刷材料；采用三因素五水平二次正交旋转中心组合试验方法，以作业速度、充种倾角、护种距离为试验因素，以合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数和破损指数为评价指标，应用Design-Expert 8.0.6.1软件对试验结果进行方差分析。结果表明：各因素对合格指数的影响显著性由大到小依次为作业速度、护种距离、充种倾角，各因素对漏播指数的影响显著性由大到小依次为护种距离、作业速度、充种倾角，各因素对重播指数的影响显著性由大到小依次为作业速度、充种倾角，护种距离影响不显著，各因素对破损指数的影响显著性由大到小依次为护种距离、作业速度、充种倾角；当作业速度为8~12km/h、充种倾角70°、护种距离为-1.5mm时，排种合格指数大于94%、漏播指数小于3%、重播指数小于3%、破损指数小于0.2%，满足免耕大豆高速精量播种作业要求。     

精准扶贫视角下食用菌产业发展现状及模式建议

食用菌产业扶贫是践行"精准扶贫"理念、解决贫困地区产业基础薄弱和贫困户收入来源单一问题的重要途径。以"精准扶贫"为视角,分析食用菌产业扶贫现状及问题,提出要精准识别食用菌产业发展基础、精准统筹产业发展资源和精准探索产业管理模式等建议,为全面提升贫困地区食用菌产业质量,拓宽产业发展路径,确保如期完成脱贫任务。     

Detection of Ecballium elaterium in hedgerow olive orchards using a low-cost uncrewed aerial vehicle and open-source algorithms

BACKGROUND

Ecballium elaterium (common name: squirting cucumber) is an emerging weed problem in hedgerow or superintensive olive groves under no tillage. It colonizes the inter-row area infesting the natural or sown cover crops, and is considered a hard-to-control weed. Research in other woody crops has shown E. elaterium has a patchy distribution, which makes this weed susceptible to design a site-specific control strategy only addressed to E. elaterium patches. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a methodology based on the analysis of imagery acquired with an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect and map E. elaterium infestations in hedgerow olive orchards.

RESULTS

The study was conducted in two superintensive olive orchards, and the images were taken using a UAV equipped with an RGB sensor. Flights were conducted on two dates: in May, when there were various weeds infesting the orchard, and in September, when E. elaterium was the only infesting weed. UAV-orthomosaics in the first scenario were classified using random forest models, and the orthomosaics from September with E. elaterium as the only weed, were analyzed using an unsupervised algorithm. In both cases, the overall accuracies were over 0.85, and the producer's accuracies for E. elaterium ranged between 0.74 and 1.00.

CONCLUSION

These results allow the design of a site-specific and efficient herbicide control protocol which would represent a step forward in sustainable weed management. The development of these algorithms in free and open-source software fosters their application in small and medium farms. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

灌木平茬机沙地通过性仿真研究

为研究灌木平茬机在科尔沁沙地的通过性能,基于ADAMS/ATV建立了其虚拟样机模型及符合沙地特性的平地、坡路、垂直障碍、凹坑、正弦路面等虚拟地形,进行了灌木平茬机在典型路面上行驶的仿真分析。结果表明,灌木平茬机能够平稳通过所建立的虚拟地形,在沙地上具有较好的通过性能,转向平稳。根据仿真结果确定灌木平茬机主动轮的最佳直径为280 mm、转向半径为0.75 m。     

液压传动技术在烟草打顶机上的应用

针对烟草中后期田间管理阶段的打顶及喷施抑芽剂时,作业人员劳动强度大、生产效率低,严重影响烟草产量和质量的现状,研制出高地隙三轮自走式全液压烟草打顶机。该机采用T型车架及高架式机体,液压驱动行走、转向、制动系统,以及液压操纵烟草打顶、喷施药剂系统。该打顶机液压系统传递功率大、结构紧凑、布置灵活,且易于实现无级调速及过载保护,便于控制、操作简便,可高效地完成烟草打顶及喷施药剂作业。     

杜仲栽培技术

从苗木培育(包括播种育苗、根扦插法育苗和嫁接育苗)及丰产林(包括皮用丰产林和叶用丰产林)的营造、抚育管理、病虫害防治、采收等方面叙述了杜仲的栽培管理技术。     

红松播种种子不同处理方法效果的研究

通过对红松种子进行3种不同方法的处理,在播种后,调查和分析不同处理方法对苗木生长情况的影响.结果表明,不同处理方法对苗木的发芽时间、出苗时间及出苗率影响较大;对苗木的高、径等性状指标的影响较大.3种方法中最好的是越冬埋藏法,其平均苗高4.4 cm,平均地径2.49 mm,生物量全干质量31.14 g.